I. Bayani

Makamashin hasken rana sabon nau'in makamashi ne, kuma cikakken amfani da makamashin hasken rana zai iya magance matsalar karuwar bukatun makamashi na mutane. A halin yanzu, amfani da hasken rana ya fi mayar da hankali kan makamashin zafi da samar da wutar lantarki. Akwai hanyoyi biyu na samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana a halin yanzu, na farko shine amfani da makamashin zafi don samar da injin samar da wutar lantarki mai tururi, na biyu shine ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Amfani da hasken rana da binciken halayen ƙwayoyin hasken rana sune batutuwa masu zafi a karni na 21, kuma ƙasashe masu tasowa da yawa suna saka hannun jari mai yawa don bincike kan masu karɓar hasken rana. Wannan gwajin ya gabatar da halayen lantarki da halayen gani na ƙwayoyin hasken rana kuma ya auna halayen biyu.

II. fasaha nuna alama
Wannan gwajin yana amfani da ƙwararrun tushen haske don kwaikwayon hasken rana a dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma an shigar da bangarorin hasken rana guda huɗu a kan mai motsawa. Hanyar auna hasken haske ta hanyar mai auna hasken rana yana auna voltage da ingancin canzawa na ƙwayoyin hasken rana.
Takaddun fasaha nuna alama:
1. Sun kwaikwayon haske tushen: AC 220V / 150W;
2. Solar baturi: Polycrystalline silicon 60mm × 60mm × 0.3W × 4 abubuwa;
3. Kowane yanki bude kewaye ƙarfin lantarki: 3.78V, gajeren kewaye halin yanzu 80mA;
4. DC daidaitaccen wutar lantarki: 0 ~ 2.5V ci gaba da daidaitawa;
5. Mai auna hasken rana: Gwajin ikon: 0 ~ 2000W / m2 kewayon kewayon: 320nm ~ 1100nm daidaito ƙasa da 5%, za a iya auna shi a ƙarƙashin tushen hasken analog kuma za a iya auna darajar hasken rana a ƙarƙashin rana ta waje, don haka dalibai za su iya fahimtar ingancin hasken rana mafi kyau.
6. DC dijital ƙarfin lantarki mita: 0 ~ 20V, uku lambobi rabin nuni nuni, daidaito ± 0.5%;
7. DC Digital halin yanzu mita: 0 ~ 200mA, daidaito: ± 0.5%;
8. Load juriya: 0 ~ 9999Ω;
9. Light tushen bracket ne duk bakin karfe kayan, da kuma karɓar baƙi ne aluminum da zinariya akwatin-irin tsari, sauki ya ɗauki.

III. gwaji abubuwa
1, gwajin voltage na ƙwayoyin hasken rana ba tare da haske ba;
2, gwajin dangantaka na ƙwayoyin hasken rana buɗe kewayon ƙarfin lantarki, gajeren kewayon yanzu da haske mai ƙarfi;
3, hasken rana kwayoyin kaya halaye da kuma canza ingancin gwaji;
4, string na hasken rana kwayoyin, parallel gwaji;
5. Wannan waje solar radiation auna hanyoyin gwaji.

IV. Ka'idar gwaji
Babban tsarin ƙwayoyin hasken rana shine PN. Yanzu da kuma ƙarfin lantarki dangantaka na ideal PN nodes aka ba da ƙasa formula (1)

A cikin formula, I0 shine reverse saturated halin yanzu lokacin da haske ba, U shine ƙarfin lantarki a kan node, e shine lantarki caji, k shine Boltzmann daidaito, T yana nuna zafin jiki na thermodynamics, wanda za a iya yin amfani da shi. Lokacin da haske ya haskaka a kan PN node na farfajiyar ƙwayoyin hasken rana, muddin ƙarfin photon da ke shiga ya fi nisan bandwidth na kayan semiconductor, photon zai sha ta hanyar ƙwayoyin hasken rana don samar da nau'ikan lantarki-rami. Tsarin yanzu na fitowar ƙwayoyin hasken rana I shine bambancin tsakanin IPh na yanzu da ID na yanzu na diode, Tsarin yanzu na yanzu I an ba shi ta hanyar ƙasa

Lokacin da fitarwar ƙwayoyin hasken rana ta yi gajeren zagaye, wato U = 0, ana iya samun gajeren zagaye na yanzu ta hanyar nau'in (2) ISC = IPh; Lokacin da fitarwar ƙwayoyin hasken rana ke buɗewa, wato I = 0, za a iya tura ƙarfin lantarki mai buɗewa UOC. Lokacin da yake aiki daidai, IPh ya fi I0 da yawa, don haka 1 a cikin (2) irin brackets za a iya watsi da shi.
Lokacin da ƙwayoyin hasken rana suka haɗa juriya ta ɗaukar kaya, ƙarfin lantarki da yanzu na ƙwayoyin hasken rana yana canzawa tare da canjin juriya ta ɗaukar kaya, lokacin da juriya ta ɗaukar kaya R ke cikin wani darajar, ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙwayoyin hasken rana shine mafi girma, watau mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa, saita ƙarfin lantarki mai dacewa a wannan lokacin don Um, halin yanzu shine Im, akwai Pm = Im * Um. cika factor aka ayyana a matsayin

Wani muhimmin sigogi ne wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen aikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Mafi girma darajar a karkashin wani jihar, yana nuna cewa ƙwayoyin hasken rana suna amfani da haske mafi girma a cikin yanayin juriya da ya kamata a ɗauka.